Sagalassos, an ancient city nestled amidst the picturesque Ağlasun Mountains, holds a significant place in the history of Pisidia. Located 7 km from Burdur-Ağlasun and 109 km north of Antalya province, this remarkable city boasts a strategic position, controlling a mountain pass that links Pamphylia to the mountainous regions of Central Anatolia.

One of the natural defenses of Sagalassos lies in its acropolis, situated on the summit of Tekne Hill. Reaching an elevation of 1882 meters, this acropolis renders the settlement impregnable, thanks to its cliffs immediately north of the city. Historically referred to as "İskender Tepesi" or Alexander's Hill, this site finds mention in the records of Alexander the Great. Notably, coins minted during 268-270 AD provide clear evidence of Sagalassos being captured by this legendary conqueror.

The location of Sagalassos also offers an abundance of springs in its vicinity. The melting snow gives rise to numerous springs, creating a lush environment. One notable spring is the Ağlasun Stream, which feeds the Aksu (Kestros) River. The river flows through Perge, eventually reaching the Mediterranean Sea, forming the eastern boundary of the Sagalassos region. In the past, the slopes of the mountains behind the city were covered with oak, cedar, and pine trees, facilitating timber trade and transportation along the southern coast of the Kestros River. Additionally, Sagalassos benefits from ample clay deposits, making it a hub for ceramic production.

The name Sagalassos is believed to have Luvian origins. References to a Luvian mountain fortress named Salawassa in a Hittite royal letter from the mid-14th century BC likely correspond to Sagalassos. However, our knowledge about this early period remains limited, with only a few pottery fragments dating back to the Bronze Age providing insights.

Sagalassos became part of the Seleucid Kingdom in 281 BC. The city maintained favorable relations during the reign of King Antiochus III, who granted permission to mint silver coins and likely oversaw the construction of the Hellenistic city walls. The bouleuterion, built around the 2nd century BC, emerged as the most prominent structure in Sagalassos. Serving as the focal point for public monuments, it hosted approximately 220 elected members.

Following the defeat of Antiochus III, Sagalassos came under the control of the Kingdom of Pergamon and later fell under Roman domination. During the rebellion led by Pontus king Mithridates VI against Rome, and the subsequent wars, Pisidia aligned itself with Mithridates. After Mithridates' defeat, Sagalassos experienced a significant expansion southward and eastward, expanding its settlement area.

In the early 1st century AD, Sagalassos witnessed a surge in construction projects. These initiatives included the establishment of the oldest Roman baths in Anatolia, the development of the Lower Agora, the construction of an odeon, and a temple dedicated to Apollo Klarios. During the reign of Tiberius, one of the oldest colonnaded streets in Anatolia stretched approximately 290 meters, connecting the new southern gate of the city with the Lower Agora.

Sagalassos, with its strategic location, natural defenses, abundant springs, and historical significance, stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Pisidia. From its early Luvian origins to its flourishing under various rulers, this ancient city offers a fascinating glimpse into the past. As we explore its ruins and marvel at its architectural marvels, we are reminded of the enduring legacy of Sagalassos.